Ethylene glycol (ethane diol)
printEthylene glycol (ethane diol) or ethyl glycol or mono ethylene glycol is an organic compound with 2 formulas (C2H6O2 and CH2OH). It is basically used for two purposes. This material is used as a raw material in the production of polyester fibers and is also used for the formulation of antifreeze products. Ethylene glycol is a thick (viscous) liquid, colorless,
odorless, and sweet in taste.
Ethylene glycol is very toxic and especially pets are exposed to poisoning caused by leakage of this liquid from the devices they use.
Ethylene glycol production methods
through ethylene oxide
This compound is produced from ethylene oxide as an intermediate. Ethylene oxide reacts with water and produces ethylene glycol according to the following chemical equation:
C2H4O + H2O → HO–CH2CH2 –OH
This reaction can be catalyzed by acids or bases or can be carried out at neutral pH at high temperature. Its highest efficiency is obtained in acidic or neutral pH with a large amount of water. Under these conditions, 90% ethylene glycol can be obtained.
During this process, some by-products are formed, including diethylene glycol (DEG) and tri ethylene glycol (TEG), which are separated by distillation.
The main uses of this chemical compound is as an antifreeze, which accounts for more than 50% of its commercial use, and is used as a raw material in the production of polyester and plastic fibers, mainly PET, which accounts for 40% of the total consumption. constitutes it. Since this material is cheaply available, it has many special uses.
through ethylene
This compound is also produced by hydroxylation of ethylene. When ethylene is mixed with Bayer’s reagent (a cold dilute alkaline solution of potassium permanganate), hydroxylation occurs at both carbon atoms.
through oxalic esters
Oxalic esters form this compound during reduction with sodium and alcohol.
Applications of ethylene glycol
1. Application as a coolant and heat transfer agent
Its main use is as an agent for heat transfer by convection method, for example, this substance is used in cars and computers whose cooling fluid is liquid. It is also used in gas compressors, air conditioners in cold water systems, air conditioners and ice rinks. In geothermal cooling systems, MEG is the fluid that transfers heat through the use of a geothermal heat pump.
2. Antifreeze
Its solution in water, which is known as antifreeze, is one of the most widely used applications of MEG. The pure form freezes at about -12 °C (10.4 °F), but when mixed with water, the solution freezes at a lower temperature. For example, a mixture of 60% MEG and 40% water freezes at (-49°C).
The use of MEG not only lowers the freezing point of aqueous solutions but also increases the boiling point. The increase in boiling temperature is due to the fact that pure ethylene glycol has a much higher boiling point and lower vapor pressure than pure water.
3. Polymer production
In the plastic industry, ethylene glycol is an important intermediate material for the production of polyester fibers and resin. Polyethylene terephthalate, which is
used in the manufacture of plastic bottles for soft drinks and the production of packaging films, is
obtained from MEG. It is
also the raw material for the production of fiberglass, which is
used in products such as jet skis, bowling balls and bathtubs.
4. Macro hydrates
Due to its high boiling point and hydrophilicity, MEG is a useful desiccant. It is
widely used to prevent the formation of natural gas hydrates in long pipelines that transport natural gas from distant gas fields to the desired location. MEG can be recovered from natural gas and reused as a water and mineral salts inhibitor after purification.
Environmental information
It is a chemical substance with high production volume. This substance decomposes in the air for ten days and in the soil for several weeks. Ethylene glycol enters the environment through its ingredients. Low doses of this substance are not very toxic, but high doses kill and act as a teratogen.
Safety of ethylene glycol
In case of contact with the eyes, it causes inflammation and irritation and swelling of the eyelids, but its damage is not permanent. Wear goggles when working with this material. This substance is
absorbed through the skin and causes skin irritation in case of contact. To prevent skin damage caused by contact with ethylene glycol, use resistant gloves, clothing and shoes.
Ethylene glycol vapors irritate the respiratory tract, nose and throat. Its allowed concentration in the air of the workplace for 15 minutes of work is 50 ppm. In case of increased concentration, special respiratory protection systems should be
used.
If ingested, it first affects the central nervous system and causes confusion and metabolic changes. Then it attacks the heart and lungs and finally damages the kidneys. If this substance is
swallowed, wash the mouth with water and if the person is conscious, give him water with diluted minerals, but do not force him to vomit. If the person is not conscious, do not give him anything.
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