Nitric acid is known as strong water and spirit of nitre, which is a very corrosive mineral acid. This material is colorless in its pure form, but in older samples, due to decomposition into nitrogen oxides and water, yellow chalk was found. In order to get more information and to buy this product, contact the sales department of Oskar Trading Company.

What is nitric acid?

This substance is a strong acid with oxidizing properties and is the main reagent for nitrate (like adding a nitro group to an organic molecule). Nitric acid is soluble in water and is also a strong oxidizer that is very corrosive and toxic. This substance reacts with metals, oxides and hydroxides and forms nitrate salts.

Concentrated or pure nitric acid is a colorless liquid at room temperature. Nitric acid is an azeotrope with water at a concentration of 68% HNO3. This solution has a boiling point of 120.5 degrees Celsius at a pressure of 1 atmosphere. Nitric acid is subject to thermal decomposition and is therefore often stored in dark brown glass bottles:

HNO3 → 2 H2O + 4 NO2 + 4 O2

During this reaction, it is possible to make some non-negligible changes in the vapor pressure above the liquid. Because the resulting nitrogen oxides are partially or completely dissolved in the acid. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) remains dissolved in nitric acid and turns it yellow or even red at higher temperatures. Whereas pure nitric acid tends to form white fumes when exposed to air. Nitric acid forms reddish-brown fumes with dissolved nitrogen dioxide. As a result, they are called “red fumigating nitric acid” and “white fumigating nitric acid”. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are soluble in nitric acid.

Nitric acid decomposition:

It degrades slightly at normal temperatures, but it degrades more rapidly when heated or exposed to direct sunlight. Therefore, it is emphasized to put this material in dark containers. As a result of decomposition, its color changes to yellow or brown. Nitric acid reacts with most metals, except gold and platinum, to produce nitrates.

Pure nitric oxide is colorless, but older samples turned yellow due to decomposition into nitrogen oxides and water.

Other names of nitric acid:

Nitric acid is also known by names such as azotic acid or azotic acid, hydrogen nitrate or hydrogen nitrate, salt essence, nitrous acid and anil nitroxide.

Nitric acid solution concentrations:

The highest concentration of nitric acid that is marketed is 68%. When the solution contains more than 86% nitric acid, it is used as fumigant nitric acid. Depending on the amount of nitrogen dioxide present, nitric acid fumes are mostly represented as red nitric acid vapor at concentrations higher than 86% or white nitric acid fumes at concentrations higher than 95%.

History of nitric acid:

In the 16th century, nitric acid was used to separate gold from silver. This substance was obtained by heating salt and iron sulfate.

Industrial production of nitric acid from atmospheric air began in 1905 by the arc process. This process takes place according to the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen through atmospheric oxygen to nitric oxide with an electric arc at a very high temperature.

Another early manufacturing method was invented by French engineer Albert Naudon around 1913. His method produced nitric acid from the electrolysis of calcium nitrate converted by bacteria from nitrogenous materials in peat.

Nitric acid production:

It is produced from the reaction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and water. The nitric oxide produced is oxidized by the oxygen in the air and produces nitrogen dioxide.

Commercially available liquid nitric acid typically contains 52% to 68% pure nitric acid. The production of nitric acid is done through the Ostwald process, which is named after Wilhelm Ostwald, a German chemist. In this process, anhydrous ammonia is converted to nitric oxide in the presence of a platinum or rhodium gas catalyst at a high temperature of about 500 K and a pressure of 9 atm. Then nitric oxide reacts with air oxygen and nitrogen dioxide is produced. This is subsequently absorbed into water, to form nitric acid and nitric oxide.

Nitric acid is the main reagent for nitration. By adding a nitro group to an organic molecule, nitric acid is produced.

The resulting aqueous nitric acid can be concentrated by distillation to about 68% by mass. Higher concentrations of up to 98% can be obtained by dewatering with concentrated H2SO4. Using ammonia derived from the Haber process, the final product can be produced from nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen, which is produced from air and natural gas as the main source.

Nitric acid structure:

It has one hydrogen atom (H), one nitrogen atom (N) and three oxygen atoms (O). Its structure is flat. Molten nitric acid is concentrated nitric acid that contains dissolved nitrogen dioxide. Nitric acid has a strong odor and is completely soluble in water. It is used to adjust the acidic environment and also as an oxidizer. Ammonia is the raw material for the production of this industrial acid.

Nitric acid production methods

1- Industrial production of nitric acid

It is made by the reaction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with water.

4 NO2 +2 H2O →2 HNO3 + NO + NO2+ H2O

3 NO2 + H2O →2 HNO3 + NO

Normally, the nitric oxide produced in the reaction is oxidized by the oxygen in the air and produces excess nitrogen dioxide. Boiling nitrogen dioxide through hydrogen peroxide can help improve acid performance.

2 NO2 + H2O2 →2 HNO3

Commercial solutions of nitric acid usually have a concentration between 52% and 68% acid. The production of nitric acid is done through the Ostwald process, which is named after Wilhelm Ostwald, a German chemist.

In this process, anhydrous ammonia is oxidized to nitric oxide in the presence of a platinum or rhodium catalyst at a high temperature of about 500 K and a pressure of 9 atmospheres:

(4 NH3 (g) + 5 O2 (g) → 4 NO (g) +6 H2O (g) (ΔH = -905.2 kJ / Mol

Nitric oxide then reacts with oxygen in the air to form nitrogen dioxide:

(2 NO (g) + O2 (g) → 2 NO2 (g) (ΔH = -114 kJ / mol

This process is continuously absorbed in water to form nitric acid and nitric oxide: Therefore

(3 NO2 (g) + H2O (l) →2 HNO3 (aq) + NO (g) (ΔH = -117 kJ / mol

Nitric oxide enters the cycle for re-oxidation. If the last step is done in air, it is as follows:

(4 NO2 (g) + O2 (g) +2 H2O (l) →4 HNO3 (aq

 

The nitric acid produced in these reactions has a purity of 68%. Purities as high as 98% can be obtained by removing water in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid.

By using ammonia obtained from the Haber process, the final product can be produced from nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen.

2- Laboratory production of nitric acid

In the laboratory, from the thermal decomposition of copper (II) nitrate, the production of nitrogen dioxide and oxygen gases and then passing through water are produced:

2 Cu (NO3)2 → 2 CuO + 4 NO2 + O2

Then, follow Ostwald’s process:

2NO2+H2O → HNO2+HNO3

Another way to produce nitric acid is to react an equal amount of nitrate salt such as sodium nitrate with sulfuric acid and distill this mixture at the boiling point of nitric acid, 83 degrees Celsius. A non-volatile residue containing metallic hydrogen sulfate remains in the still. Therefore Nitric acid vapor from red color may change to white nitric acid vapor:

NaNO3 + H2SO4 → HNO3 + NaHSO4

Dry or anhydrous nitric acid:

The disposal of white nitric acid, pure nitric acid or WFNA, is very close to anhydrous nitric acid. It is available as 99.9% nitric acid. The characteristic of nitric acid is white fumes, which has a maximum of 2% water and a maximum of 0.5% dissolved NO2. Anhydrous nitric acid has a density of 1.513 grams per cubic centimeter

And its approximate concentration is 24 M. Dry nitric acid is a colorless mobile liquid with a density of 1.512 g/cm3, which has the ability to solidify at -42°C and forms white crystals that require clarification. By decomposing it into NO2 and water, it acquires a yellow color. It boils at 83°C. This substance is usually stored in an unbreakable amber glass bottle with a double volume, to allow for pressure. But with these precautions, the bottle should be emptied monthly to release the pressure.

Application:

is

commonly used as a strong oxidizing agent. The main industrial application of nitric acid is to produce fertilizers. is neutralized with ammonia and gives ammonium nitrate. Other major uses are the production of explosives, nylon precursors, and special organic compounds. Therefore

Nitric acid is used in the food industry to prevent the growth of bacteria and deadly food poisoning. This substance is used as an additive to fresh meat and to keep the color of the meat stable. Also, in tankers transporting Shiraz cattle to dairy factories, after unloading, the tanker is washed with nitric acid. Nitric acid is used as a preservative in meat processing such as: sausages, sausages, all kinds of beef, bacon, hamburgers.

Safety and hazards

As mentioned, acid is a very strong corrosive and oxidizing substance. The main danger from it is chemical burns, because it causes acid hydrolysis of proteins (amides) and fats (esters) and thus causes decomposition of living tissue (such as skin and flesh).

Concentrated acid turns human skin yellow due to reaction with keratin. These yellow spots turn orange when neutralized. However, it does not have systemic

effects and this substance is

not considered carcinogenic or mutagenic.

The standard treatment for acid stains on the skin, as with other caustics, is to wash with copious amounts of water. Washing the area for at least 10 to 15 minutes is necessary to cool the tissue around the burn and prevent secondary damage. After contact with this substance, change the contaminated clothes immediately and wash the affected skin completely.

As with all acids, the concentration of the solution often determines its storage limit. The higher the concentration, the more careful you should be with chemicals.

Attention :

When using high concentrations of this acid or when heating with it above room temperature,

this should be

done under a hood equipped with a washing system. Therefore

Gloves (butyl rubber or neoprene), chemical goggles, face shield and apron should be

used when working with high concentrations or large quantities (more than 4 liters) of nitric acid.

Vapors, mists and acid solutions can severely burn eyes and skin. The vapors of this acid irritate the respiratory system, and when inhaling a

high concentration of its vapors,

emergency services should be

called immediately

because delay in treatment can lead to pulmonary edema and death.

As a strong oxidizing agent, this acid can react explosively with compounds such as cyanides, carbides or metal powders, and with many organic compounds such as turpentine. Therefore, keep it away from bases and organic substances during storage.

Oskar Trading Company is a supplier of the following products:

Oil products:

LPG:

Liquefied petroleum gas or LPG (in English: Liquefied Petroleum Gas) refers to two hydrocarbon gases, butane and propane,

or their combination,

which are

kept in a liquid state. Usually, small amounts of compounds such as propylene and butylene are also present in liquid gas. LPG is

mostly used for heating applications and as fuel for vehicles. It is

also used in the manufacture of sprinklers and as a cooling gas in cooling devices such as refrigerators and freezers.

sulfur:

(in English: Sulfur) is

placed in the periodic table on the left side of chlorine, below oxygen and above selenium, and its chemical symbol is

S and its atomic number is 16. The discovery of this element goes back to prehistoric times. Therefore

It is a smelly, foul-tasting and polyvalent non-metal that is mostly available in the form of yellow crystals. Flea killer is useful for fertilizer and agriculture. This element is

primarily used in fertilizers; But it is

also widely used in gunpowder, softeners, matches and insecticides.

oil:

What is engine oil?

They are complex compounds consisting of base oil and various additives. Every car needs the right engine oil to function properly. In fact, engine oil is an essential element for the car engine. As the age of the engine increases, the importance of using high-quality oil is

felt more and more.

What is base oil?

It is

called an oil and is

considered as a base for lubricants. After adding additives to the base oil, the final lubricant is

obtained. Base oils are the most important components of lubricants in terms of volume, and in terms of weight, on average, they make up more than 95% of the formulation of a lubricant.

Light oil

Petrochemical:

Methanol:

Methanol or methyl alcohol, which is the simplest type of alcohol, is

known by the chemical formula CH3OH. Therefore

It is a light, volatile, colorless and flammable liquid. This substance is very toxic so that swallowing or inhaling it can cause blindness or death. Methanol is

used in the production of many final products such as solvents, paints, plastics and antifreeze.

Also, methanol is

used in a limited way as fuel in engines with internal combustion system. It should be

mentioned that most of the methanol produced in the world is

used to produce acetic acid and MTBE formaldehydes.

urea:

It is an organic compound with the chemical formula 2CO(NH2). This compound is colorless, odorless and relatively non-toxic and has high solubility in water. Urea is

widely used in chemical fertilizers as a rich and suitable source of nitrogen.

In fact, more than 90% of urea production in the world contains nitrogen for use as chemical fertilizers. Therefore
In general applications, urea has the highest amount of nitrogen among all solid nitrogenous fertilizers. Therefore

Based on this, urea brings the lowest transportation costs per unit of nitrogen feed.

Ammonia:

Ammonia, as an inorganic and colorless substance, is very irritating with a pungent and suffocating smell, and its usual form is liquid.

The production of various chemicals such as nitric and their use in various industries is one of its applications.

It is

also important to know that ammonia is

part of the nitrogen cycle and is

produced by bacterial processes in the soil. Ammonia is

also produced naturally from the breakdown of organic matter, including plants, animals, and animal waste.

Normal paraffin:

Therefore Normal paraffin is

a type of wax or oil produced in the petrochemical industry, which is

obtained from the distillation of crude oil. This material initially has many impurities and is

yellow to brown in color. But by performing purification, its

purity is

increased and it becomes white or colorless. Paraffin in various industries such as

textile, rubber making, pesticides, defense industries,

battery making, insulation, cable making, paint and resin, glue, wax and polish,

cosmetics and hygiene, wood and paper packaging,

matchmaking, Candle making and lubricants are

also used.

nitric acid:

This substance is a strong acid with oxidizing properties and is the main reagent for nitrate (like adding a nitro group to an organic molecule). Nitric acid is soluble in water and is also a strong oxidizer that is very corrosive and toxic. This substance reacts with metals, oxides and hydroxides and forms nitrate salts.

Monoathanolamin:

Amino alcohol has been

produced industrially since 1930. However, their large-scale production began only after 1945, when the older chlorohydrin process was

replaced by ethylene oxide and propylene oxide olefination processes. In industry, amino alcohols are

usually defined as

alkanolamines. Ethanolamines (aminoethanols) and propanolamines (aminopropanols) are important compounds of this group. Both mentioned substances are

widely used in the production of surfactant powders in gas purification.

Ethylene glycol (ethane diol):

Ethylene glycol (ethane diol) or ethyl glycol or mono ethylene glycol is an organic compound with 2 formulas (C2H6O2 and CH2OH). It is

basically used for two purposes. This material is

used as a raw material in the production of polyester fibers and is

also used for the formulation of antifreeze products. Ethylene glycol is a thick (viscous) liquid, colorless, odorless, and sweet in taste.

Ethylene glycol is

very toxic and especially pets are

exposed to poisoning caused by leakage of this liquid from the devices they use.

Paraoxylene (p-xylene):

Paraxylene, aromatic hydrocarbon, all the products in which there is

a benzene ring are

called aromatic substances. Most of these substances include benzene, toluene, and xylenes (orthoxylene, metaxylene, and paraxylene), which have wide applications. Paraxylene is

one of the isomers of xylene in which two methyl branches are

placed across each other and on atoms number 1 and 4. Therefore Paraxylene is

widely used in the production of terephthalic acid for polyester. The location of two methyl branches across each other is on the benzene ring.

company Services:

Export:

In general, export means that a product is

transferred from one country to another. Perhaps a few years ago, the concept of export did not have much place in the economy, but today there is talk about the export power of countries, which means that any country that exports more It has more economic power

Importation

brokerage

transit

about us

What is a trading company?

Therefore A trading company refers to those companies whose main activity and purpose is trade. In conclusion In fact, the activity of these companies is export of goods, import of goods, buying,   selling and all foreign and domestic commercial activities. Therefore

To put it more simply,  a trading company is a commercial business that carries out activities such as import and export of all permitted goods, Similarly buying and selling, distribution and distribution of goods (transportation),  obtaining licenses, consulting, Similarly training and some other things. he is doing it. Therefore

Contact us

After that Hello dear visitors

Therefore You can contact Oskar international trading company in one of the following ways.

Commercial WhatsApp number of the company: +989022311383

Mobile number: +989056675217

Email: info@oskartrading.com

Address: Iran, Shiraz, Persian Gulf Complex, plate 4472