Paraxylene (p-xylene)
printParaxylene (p-xylene):Paraxylene, aromatic hydrocarbon, all the products in which there is a benzene ring are called aromatic substances. Most of these substances include benzene, toluene, and xylenes (ortho xylene, meta xylene, and paraxylene), which have wide applications. Paraxylene is one of the isomers of xylene in which two methyl branches are placed across each other and on atoms number 1 and 4. Paraxylene is widely used in the production of terephthalic acid for polyester. Therefore The location of two methyl branches across each other is on the benzene ring.
Paraxylene is widely used in the production of terephthalic acid for polyester. Therefore After benzene, paraxylenes are considered the most important aromatic substances. Therefore Para xylene is mainly used for the production of DMT and PTA. These 2 products are used in the production of polyethylene terephthalate, which is used in the production of polyesters, fibers, photographic film and soft drink bottles. According to the global consumption pattern of 19 A percentage of paraxylene is used in the production of PTA and 9% in the production of DMT.
What is xylene?
Paraxylene (p-xylene)
Xylene (from the Greek word “wood”), is derived. Xylol or dimethylbenzene is any isomer of dimethylbenzene or its combination. Therefore Xylene has the chemical formula C8H10. Isomers of xylene include ortho-xylene, meta-xylene and para-xylene. Each of these three compounds has a central benzene ring with two methyl groups attached in substituents. All of them are flammable and colorless liquids, some of which have high industrial value. Therefore
History of Xylene:
Xylene was extracted for the first time in 1850 by the French chemist Auguste Cahors and was discovered as a building material for bitumen and wood. Therefore
Paraxylene (p-xylene)
Production of xylene:
Xylenes are among the important petrochemical materials that are produced by catalytic reforming as well as coal carbon in the production of coke fuel. Depending on the source, it is also present in crude oil in concentrations of 0.5 to 1%. Small amounts are present in gasoline and jet fuel. Therefore
Xylenes are mainly produced as part of BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene and xylenes) extracted from the catalytic reformer known as reformer. Xylene mixture is a slightly oily, colorless liquid that is usually seen as a solvent. Therefore
Several million tons of xylene are produced annually. In 2011, a global consortium began construction of one of the largest xylene production plants in Singapore. Therefore
Isomers of xylene:
Xylene exists in three isomeric forms. Isomers can be distinguished by ortho- (o-), meta- (m-) and para- (p-) designations, which indicate which of the two carbon atoms (the benzene ring) the two methyl groups are attached to. It starts by counting the carbon atoms around the ring from one of the ring carbons attached to a methyl group. Therefore
Due to the second methyl group, the ortho isomer has the IUPAC name of 1,2-dimethylbenzene. The meta isomer is 1,3-dimethylbenzene and the para isomer is 4-dimethylbenzene. Among the three isomers, the para isomer is the most sought after by the industry. Because it can be oxidized to terephthalic acid. Therefore
Paraxylene (p-xylene)
Types of xylenes:
Meta xylene
Ortho xylene
Para xylene
Mixed xylene
What is meta xylene?
Meta xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon. This substance is one of the three isomers of dimethylbenzene, which is collectively known as xylene. The letter m- stands for meta-, which indicates that the two methyl groups in m-xylene occupy the 1 and 3 positions of the benzene ring. In the position of two methyl groups, their arene substitution pattern is different from other isomers, ortho-xylene and para-xylene. All have the same chemical formula C6H4(CH3)2. All xylene isomers are colorless and highly flammable. Therefore
Production and use of meta xylene:
para xylene (p-xylene)
The oil contains about 1% xylene. The most common use of meta-xylene is in the production of isophthalic acid, which is used as a copolymerizing monomer to change the properties of polyethylene terephthalate. Conversion of meta-xylene to isophthalic acid requires catalytic oxidation. Therefore Meta-xylene is also used as a starting material in the manufacture of 2,4-xylene and 2,6-xylene, as well as a wide range of chemicals with lower volume, and gives isophthalonitrile oxidation.
What is paraxylene? p-Xylene
para xylene (p-xylene)
(para-xylene) is also an aromatic hydrocarbon. It is one of three isomers of dimethylbenzene, collectively known as xylene. Therefore p- stands for para, indicating that the two methyl groups in para-xylene have oppositely substituted positions 1 and 4. Therefore In this situation, the pattern of substitution of two methyl groups is different from the isomers, ortho-xylene and meta-xylene. The chemical formula is all the same C6H4(CH3)2. All xylene isomers are colorless and highly flammable. Therefore
Industrial applications of para-xylene:
para xylene (p-xylene)
Paraxylene is
an important chemical raw material that is
used in the large-scale synthesis of various polymers. This material has a wide range of applications in the industry. In particular, it is a component in the production of terephthalic acid for polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (commonly known as PET). It may also be polymerized directly to produce parylene. Therefore
Paraxylene (p-xylene)
What is ortho xylene? O-Xylene
para xylene (p-xylene)
Ortho-xylene or ortho-xylene is
an aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C6H4(CH3)2. Therefore with two methyl substituents attached to adjacent carbon atoms of a benzene ring (ortho configuration). Therefore This isomer is
a constituent of meta-xylene and para-xylene, this compound is
also called mixed xylene or xylenes. Ortho xylene is liquid, flammable, slightly oily and colorless. Therefore
Production and use of ortho xylene:
para xylene (p-xylene)
We know that oil has 1% xylene. Most xylene is
produced by cracking petroleum, which provides a distribution of aromatic compounds, including xylene isomers. Meta xylene is
converted to ortho xylene. Ortho xylene is
largely used in the production of phthalic anhydride, which is a precursor to many materials, drugs, and other chemicals. Methyl groups are susceptible to halogenation due to their easy oxidation. These groups react with bromine and finally lead to tetrabromide: Therefore
C6H4(CH3)2 + 4 Br2 → C6H4 (CHBr2)2 + 4 HBr
Paraxylene (p-xylene)
What is mixed xylene?
Mixed xylene is a colorless, flammable aromatic hydrocarbon liquid with a sweet odor. Xylene is a mixture of different isomers of xylenes such as meta-xylene, paraxylene, ortho-xylene and ethylbenzene. The distribution of isomers in xylene is different. Commercial xylenes from petroleum sources contain approximately 40-50% meta-xylene, 20% ortho-xylene, 20% para-xylene, and 5%-15% ethylbenzene. About 98% of paraxylene is
consumed by the polyester chain to produce film, fiber and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), through one of two intermediates: dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) or pure terephthalic acid (PTA). Therefore
Meta xylene is
used in the production of isophthalic acid. Ortho-xylene is
used in the production of phthalic anhydride. Also, mixed xylene is
used as a solvent in various industries. Mixed xylene is
an essential base material for various chemicals and thus, the global market is
expected to register significant growth during the forecast period, reaching a market value of USD 74.79 billion by 2028. Therefore
Paraxylene (p-xylene)
Application of mixed xylene:
Mixed xylene is
used for various applications. For example, it is
used to increase the octane number of gasoline. Also, mixed xylene is
used as a solvent in various industries. It is
also used as a diluent in paint, ink, etc. The main application of mixed xylene is to use it as a base material for the production of various chemicals. Therefore
Mixed xylene is
used in various industries. Based on end use and application, mixed xylene is classified into paints and coatings, pesticides, chemicals, gasoline and rubber, and printing and leather. Therefore The chemicals segment is
estimated to grow significantly due to increasing demand for paraxylene in the global market. Therefore
Xylenes are
produced by methylation of toluene and benzene. Commercially or laboratory-produced xylene usually contains about 40-65% meta-xylene and up to 20% each of ortho-xylene, para-xylene, and ethylbenzene. Therefore The ratio of isomers can be
changed in favor of the highly valuable para-xylene using a patent process or transalkylation of xylene with itself or trimethylbenzene. These transformations are
catalyzed by zeolites. Therefore
Properties of xylenes:
The chemical and physical properties of xylene are different according to the respective isomers. The melting point is from 47.87 °C to 13.26 °C. Therefore Typically, the melting point of the para isomer is much higher because it packs more easily into the crystal structure. The boiling point of each isomer is around 140°C. The density of each isomer is about 0.87 g/ml, and as a result, it has a lower density than water. Xylene in air can be
smelled at concentrations of 0.08 to 3.7 ppm (xylene parts per million parts of air) and tasted in water at 0.53 to 1.8 ppm. Therefore
Xylenes create azeotropes with water and various alcohols. Azeotrope with water consists of 60% xylene and boils at 94.5°C. Like many alkylbenzene compounds, xylenes form complexes with various halocarbons. Complexes of different isomers often have completely different properties from each other. Therefore
Paraxylene (p-xylene)
Laboratory use of xylene:
Xylene is
used in the laboratory to make dry ice baths to cool reaction vessels and as a solvent to remove artificial immersion oil from the objective in light microscopes. In histology, xylene is
the most widely used clearing agent. Before staining, xylene is
used to remove paraffin from dried microscope slides. After staining, microscope slides are
placed in xylene before mounting. Therefore
Xylene, precursor of other ingredients:
Although conversion to terephthalic acid is the predominant chemical conversion, xylenes are precursors to other chemical compounds. For example, chlorination of both methyl groups gives the corresponding chloride dioxide (bischloromethylbenzene). A substance, tear gas, used in World War I.
Application of xylene in industry:
Xylene is
used as a solvent. In this application, with a mixture of isomers, it is
often referred to as xylene or xylene. Solvent xylene often contains a small percentage of ethylbenzene. Like each individual isomer, this mixture is colorless, sweet-smelling, and highly flammable. Application areas include printing, rubber and leather industries. This is the common denominator of ink, rubber and glue. In thin paints and varnishes, it can be
substituted for toluene if slower drying is
desired, and is
therefore used by art conservators in solubility tests. Therefore
Similarly it is a cleaning agent, for example: for steel, silicon wafers and integrated circuits. In dentistry, xylene can be
used to dissolve gutta-percha, a substance used for root canal treatment. Therefore In the petroleum industry, xylene is
also one of the frequent components of paraffin solvents, which are
used when the pipe is
blocked with paraffin wax. For similar reasons, it is often an effective ingredient in commercial wax removal products. Therefore
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