Light oil
printLight oil: Oils may be of animal, vegetable or petrochemical origin and may be volatile or non-volatile.
When large amounts of dead organisms, mainly zooplankton and algae, are buried under sedimentary rocks,
A fossil fuel and oil are created. Most of the oil is recovered by drilling for oil.
(natural oil wells are rare). In fact, oil is a group of liquids that do not mix with water, because their density is lower than water, so they can float on water.
Petroleum derivatives and their applications
The word oil is derived from the Latin word Petra meaning stone and Odeum meaning oil.
The reason why it is named after this
It is
like many other minerals,
It is derived from rocks. It is also known as “mineral oil”.
Petroleum products are the output of an oil refinery.
For each barrel of crude oil that a typical refinery processes,
It produces a wide range of different products. Generally,
Refineries are operating as best they can
produce light products with high value (gasoline, jet fuel and diesel),
While other products basically act as by-products.
In this article, we learn about the uses of crude oil and various types of petroleum derivatives.
What are the uses of crude oil and oil derivatives?
Crude oil and petroleum fossil fuels are a mixture of hydrocarbons
which are the remains of animals and plants or diatoms that are millions of years old
They were formed in marine environments before the existence of dinosaurs.
Over millions of years, the remains of these animals and plants
It was covered by layers of sand, silt and rock.
The heat and pressure from these layers turned the remains into something
which we now call crude oil or oil. The word oil means rock oil or oil from the ground.
Crude oil and other hydrocarbons in liquid or gas form in pools or underground tanks,
They exist in small spaces in sedimentary rocks and near the surface of the earth in tar (or oil) sands. .
Petroleum products are fuels made from crude oil
And petroleum derivatives are made from hydrocarbons found in natural gas.
Petroleum products can also be made from coal, natural gas and biomass.
Features of various types of oil cuts
Distillation Style:
It is one of the most important cuts and its products have a boiling point of about 70 to 200 degrees Celsius.
Oil derivatives of useful hydrocarbons in this range include gasoline,
Naphtha (a chemical raw material), kerosene, jet fuel and paraffin.
These products are very volatile, have small molecules,
They have a low boiling point, flow easily and ignite.
Middle Distillation:
There are products that have a boiling point of 200 to 350 degrees Celsius.
The products of this range include diesel fuel and petroleum gas
which is used in municipal gas production and commercial heating.
Heavy Distillation:
There are products that have the lowest volatility and their boiling point is above 350 degrees Celsius.
These cuts can be solid or semi-solid and it is possible
They need heat to flow. Fuel oils are produced in this sector.
These products have large molecules, low volatility,
They are weak currents and do not ignite easily.
However, there are two main components that do not count in these three categories.
♣ At the top of the tower are gases such as propane and butane, which are too volatile to condense.
♣ At the bottom is the “residue” which contains very dense heavy bitumen for the rise of the tower, including bitumen and other waxes. For further distillation, they undergo steam or vacuum distillation as they are very useful.
Oil and oil products:
After crude oil is extracted from the ground, it is sent to a refinery
where different parts of crude oil are separated into usable oil products.
These petroleum products are mainly petroleum derivatives of the distillery, which include gasoline,
Distillates such as diesel and heating oil, jet fuel, petrochemical raw materials, wax, lubricating oils and bitumen-asphalt.
1- Gas:
Oil gas naturally comes out of the ground along with crude oil
Or it is obtained as a result of refining and decomposition of oil components.
There are different types of oil gas. Some of them are gaseous at normal pressure and temperature.
For this reason, they are called dry gas.
Some of them are liquid in this condition, so they are called thermogases.
Wet gases carry a large amount of light and expensive gasoline
which we separate during refining,
But dry gas is a ready fuel.
Petroleum gases that can be converted into liquid are called LPG abbreviated
And they usually consist of propane and butane. But generally propane, propylene,
Normal butane, isobutane and butylene can contribute to their composition in appropriate proportions.
The percentage of propane and butane in liquid gas is very important. This ratio value
It changes to different seasons. The percentage of propane varies between 10 and 50.
Oil gas has various uses
For example, chemical fertilizers, plastics, anesthetics, synthetic fibers, etc. are made with it.
Since oil gas mixes with air more easily,
It ignites and burns better than any other fuel
And it does not leave soot and ash.
In addition, because commercial gases do not contain sulfur
To the tools and equipment used in it
They do not harm with the dish they heat.
2- Gasoline:
Gasoline is one of the light petroleum products that is naturally associated with wet gases
or it is obtained as a result of crude oil refining. In the early days of the oil industry, when the aim of the refiners was only to provide lamp oil,
Gasoline was not used. It was even considered a waste and dangerous substance.
Therefore, it was tried to produce as little as possible during refining so that they are safe from its damage.
But with the invention of internal combustion engines, this situation changed
And the consumption of gasoline expanded so much that to prepare it,
Inevitably, new refining methods and devices emerged.
Refiners were forced to combine molecules
Break down oil and change it to make gasoline.
Pure gasoline is usually colorless like water. But today, to all the gasolines of the chemical liquid ethyl engine
Or they add tetraethyl lead to reduce their pulsating properties and make them burn more slowly.
These chemicals are usually colored to make their toxicity clear
For this reason, gasoline sold in the market has color.
There are often traces of sulfur in gasoline. These items during burning
They produce gases that wear out and waste things
And for this reason, it is tried to reduce its amount in gasoline to the minimum possible.
3- Kerosene:
Kerosene is a colorless liquid and slightly heavier than gasoline.
Kerosene was the most important petroleum product from the beginning of the oil industry until 50 years ago. Therefore
First, it was used as lamp oil
And it is still used in some cases to produce light.
Nowadays, mostly as a source of power generation and in some
Airplane turbines and special tractor engines are used.
4- Diesel fuel:
As its name suggests, diesel oil is used as a fuel
Diesel engines, i.e. pressure-burning engines, are used. Therefore
The amount of sulfur in this type of oil is more than the amount in kerosene.
5- Fluid oils:
Another oil product is running oil
which is mostly used to keep machinery components smooth.
The amount of oil derived from petroleum is less than 2% of all other products.
Therefore, the amount of oil plays an important role
It plays a role in today’s industries and life, because from scissors and sewing machines to
Huge cranes and giant machinery all
They must use oil to work well.
Oil used for moving parts of machinery.
It prevents their friction and wear.
Oil on the rod and gear and other moving parts
Used machines and keeps them lubricated and smooth
And it prevents their friction and wear.
There are different types of oil, some are thick
And some are thin, some are colorless
And some are colorful and each one is used in special devices
such as gear oil, bearing oil, electrical equipment oil,
Oil for weaving machines and engines
steam etc. oil in construction works,
Molding, medicine and other things are also used.
Because in the construction of cars, from the body to their engine, rotating parts
Many have been used for various purposes.
Therefore, making lubricating oils
According to the work of those parts, it will be necessary.
In determining the properties of these oils, the opinion of experts
Lubrication and car design engineers are considered.
Lubricating oils are generally divided into three categories:
– Special oils for the crankcase, which have been made of seven types of these oils so far.
– Special oils for connecting parts of the movement axis, which have five different types.
– Oils used as fluids in converters
Hydraulic torus and locks are used and are made in four different types.
Oskar Trading Company is a supplier of the following products:
Oil products:
LPG
sulfur
oil
Petrochemical:
Methanol
urea
nitric acid
Monoathanolamin
company Services:
Export
Importation
brokerage
transit
about us
What is a trading company?
Therefore A trading company refers to those companies whose main activity and purpose is trade. In conclusion In fact, the activity of these companies is export of goods, import of goods, buying, selling and all foreign and domestic commercial activities. Therefore
To put it more simply, a trading company is a commercial business that carries out activities such as import and export of all permitted goods, Similarly buying and selling, distribution and distribution of goods (transportation), obtaining licenses, consulting, Similarly training and some other things. he is doing it. Therefore
Contact us
After that Hello dear visitors
Therefore You can contact Oskar international trading company in one of the following ways.
Commercial WhatsApp number of the company: +989022311383
Mobile number: +989056675217
Email: info@oskartrading.com
Address: Iran, Shiraz, Persian Gulf Complex, plate 4472