Gasoline
printGasoline: Gas oil (in French: Gas-oil) or gas oil or diesel fuel (in English: Diesel fuel) is used as a fuel for diesel engines and thermal installations. Its hydrocarbon range is between C14-C20 and even C25 with a boiling point range of 250-385 degrees Celsius. Petroleum gas mainly consists of three paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic groups, has a minimum flash point of 54 °C and a maximum pour point of 0 °C. Its density at 15.6°C is equal to 860-820 kg/m3. Its most important feature is the number of cylinders, which should be more than 50 for the engine to work smoothly and silently.
History of diesel production
The inventor of diesel was a German scientist named Rudolf Diesel. Before the oil industry began refining diesel, Rudolph experimented with biodiesel as well as coal dust.
Currently, diesel fuel is very popular and diesel engines have also made significant progress. The most important feature of these engines is the use of a compressor to ignite the fuel. In addition, their higher thermodynamic efficiency and thus fuel efficiency has led to an increase in its use in various industries.
Diesel fuel is produced from many sources. The most important types of diesel fuel, depending on the source of its production, are:
Petroleum diesel (the most common type of diesel fuel)
Synthetic diesel
biodiesel
Hydrogenated oils and fats
dimethyl ether (DME)
Diesel engines have always had a bad reputation due to the large amount of pollution they cause in the air, but this is no longer the case and the popularity of diesel will definitely increase.
Gasoline specifications
According to their use in diesel engines and the primary crude oil they are obtained from, diesels have a series of specifications that are mentioned below.
1. Density (gasoline density)
Diesel has a relatively higher weight compared to other common fuels, and the density of diesel is approximately between 0.8kg/lit and 0.87kg/lit. The higher the amount of petroleum and aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel, the higher the density of diesel.
2. Distillation
The initial distillation point of diesel is at 180˚C and the final distillation point is at about 370˚C, which can be seen from the characteristics of diesel. According to the ASTM standard, the distillation percentage of diesel at different temperatures is as follows:
Less than 65% at 250˚C
More than 85% at 350˚C
More than 95% at 370˚C
3. Viscosity
Diesel has a relatively high viscosity and has a sticky property, which is one of the important factors in the characteristics of diesel. If the viscosity of diesel is too high, the flow of diesel in the pipes, pumps and fuel injection injectors and in the whole equipment of the fuel station will experience a pressure drop. Then the operation of transferring and exploiting the fuel will have problems. From checking the characteristics of diesel fuel, it can be seen that if the diesel fuel has a low viscosity, the quality of the fuel will decrease and it will not perform properly in the diesel engine. The standard allowable value of diesel viscosity must be between 12 and 40 centistokes.
4. Pouring point and clouding point
The cloud point is the first temperature at which the solid crystals are cooled when the liquid is cooled. Also, after the fluid freezes and when it is heated, the first temperature at which movement occurs in the fluid is called the pour point. Diesel fuel and generally a suitable fuel must have high resistance to cold and maintain its fluidity at low temperatures and not crystallize.
The appropriate range for clouding and pouring points in diesel is 0 to -10˚C and -15 to -30˚C, respectively. The more oil and aromatic substances in diesel, the better its pouring point and clouding point.
5. Amount of sulfur in diesel
The presence of sulfur and sulfur compounds in diesel causes problems such as corrosion of diesel engine coating and air pollution. The permissible amount of sulfur in diesel according to international standards is less than 50 ppm, and to reduce sulfur compounds, diesel must be completely refined in the refinery.
6. Aniline number and point
Cetane number is a measure to determine the quality of diesel and diesel fuels. The higher the cetane number, the faster the combustion process in the cylinder and the higher quality diesel.
Aniline point is the lowest temperature at which equal volumes of fuel and aniline material become single phase. High aniline point in diesel means high diesel index and better fuel quality.
To determine the aniline point, a specific volume of a petroleum product such as diesel is poured into the container. A substance called aniline is added to it in an amount equal to that volume. Next, raise the temperature of the mixture and stir it with a whisk. The temperature at which the two substances become a homogeneous solution is considered as the aniline point of the fuel.
Gasoline transportation:
To transport diesel fuel, fuel tankers with three mm thick steel sheets and four mm lenses must be used, and all standards for fuel transportation of the Petroleum Products Transportation Company must be observed.
Because as we said, diesel fuel is flammable and requires special attention for loading, transporting and unloading. Of course, carrying diesel is less risky than gasoline because gasoline can explode without any flame or spark only by producing pressurized gas, but diesel needs an igniter. Diesel, like other petroleum products, is poisonous, therefore, you should avoid touching and smelling it. If you are exposed to these petroleum products for any reason, note that you should see a doctor as soon as you have symptoms such as shortness of breath or coughing, because diesel is harmful to the respiratory system. It is very harmful.
Also, to carry diesel, keep in mind that:
According to the instructions for transporting fuel, the maximum permitted speed is 60 km/h during the day and 50 km/h at night. It is better if the car does not stop on the road as much as possible, but if it stops, the car engine must be turned off completely. During heavy snowfall and rain, traffic and vehicles carrying fuel are prohibited and the driver is obliged to stop his car at the first stop.
Transport companies are required to inspect the tanker every 5000 kilometers and make sure of the strength of the connections and the absence of leaks. It is forbidden to carry any passengers except for the driver and the driver’s helper.
Oskar Trading Company is a supplier of the following products:
Oil products:
LPG
sulfur
oil
Petrochemical:
Methanol
urea
nitric acid
Monoathanolamin
company Services:
Export
Importation
brokerage
transit
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Address: Iran, Shiraz, Persian Gulf Complex, plate 4472